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Brazil's Lula and Flavio Bolsonaro head into a close presidential runoff

Brazil is due to choose between incumbent Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and Senator Flavio Bolsonaro on 25 October after final polls showed a tight contest.

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in an official portrait.
File photograph: Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in an official portrait, 2023. Ricardo Stuckert/PR, “Foto oficial do Presidente da República Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva” (resized and converted to WebP). CC BY 2.0.Image sourceImage licence: CC BY 2.0
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Brazil is due to hold a presidential runoff on Sunday, 25 October, between incumbent Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and Senator Flavio Bolsonaro. Final polls put them close together, making the vote a choice between another term for Lula and the return of the Bolsonaro family to the presidency.

Lula is seeking a fourth, non-consecutive term. Flavio Bolsonaro, a senator and the son of former president Jair Bolsonaro, finished ahead of him in the first round on 4 October. Al Jazeera's AFP-credited report put their first-round shares at 47% for Bolsonaro and 45% for Lula. The incumbent must reverse that deficit to win the runoff.

How close were Brazil's final runoff polls?

Five surveys in a Reuters roundup put Bolsonaro narrowly ahead before the runoff. Datafolha estimated 48% for Bolsonaro and 47% for Lula after surveying 4,050 people on 23 and 24 October. Its stated margin of error was two percentage points, larger than the one-point gap between the candidates.

Quaest surveyed 3,702 people over the same two days and estimated 46% for Bolsonaro and 45% for Lula, with a two-point margin of error. CNT/MDA put them at 46.3% and 45.0%, respectively, with a 2.2-point margin of error. The estimates differed, but each of these surveys showed a small lead for Bolsonaro.

AtlasIntel/Bloomberg estimated 49.9% for Bolsonaro and 48.4% for Lula after surveying voters from 18 to 23 October; its stated margin of error was one percentage point. BTG/Nexus estimated 47% to 46%, with a 2.2-point margin of error. All five surveys measured preferences before election day, leaving the runoff to determine the result.

Final rallies before the 25 October vote

Both candidates held election-eve rallies on Saturday, 24 October, according to Al Jazeera's AFP-credited report. Lula addressed supporters at Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana Beach, waving a Brazilian flag from a campaign truck. The rallies were the candidates' final campaign appearances before the scheduled runoff.

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